Polio (Poliomyelitis ) - All You Need To Know
Polio (Poliomyelitis ) - All You Need To Know
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Key facts about polio:
- The polio virus in most cases has no symptoms and spreads rapidly.
- One in 200 cases results in irreversible paralysis (usually of the legs). 5% to 10% of paralyzed people die when their respiratory muscles stop working.
- The number of polio cases has decreased since 1988 by more than 99%, with estimates indicating a decrease in that number from about 350,000 cases recorded in that year to 1,604 cases reported in 2009. This decrease is the result of efforts made at the global level to order to eradicate the disease.
- In 2010, polio was no longer endemic to only four countries in the world, down from more than 125 countries in 1988. The four countries still endemic are: Afghanistan, India, Nigeria and Pakistan.
- The polio eradication initiative is currently focusing on the pockets of transmission that remain persistent in northern India, northern Nigeria and on the Afghanistan-Pakistan border.
- If one child remains infected with polio virus, children in the world are at risk of contracting the disease. From 2009 to 2010, 23 countries that were previously free of polio experienced a resurgence of the disease due to the arrival of the virus.
- In most countries, global efforts to eradicate polio have made it possible to address other infectious diseases by building effective surveillance and immunization systems. Active research undertaken as part of those efforts has enriched knowledge in the field of the virus that causes disease.
- The success of the eradication effort depends on the ability to close a large fiscal shortfall to fund the next steps of the global eradication initiative.
What is Polio?:
It is a highly contagious disease caused by a virus that attacks the nervous system. It enters the human body (child or adult) sometimes through the mouth and multiplies in the intestine. It causes paralysis and sometimes death by paralyzing the muscles responsible for breathing, and this virus may kill many of those who contracted it before the vaccine appeared.
Symptoms:
- 90% of people infected with the virus do not show any symptoms.
- 4% to 8% of people infected with the Polio virus develop flu-like symptoms such as fever, fatigue, nausea, headache, and then stiffness in the neck and back and pain in the extremities.
- 1% permanent paralysis of the limbs.
- 5% to 10% of cases die due to paralysis of the respiratory muscles.
Complications:
Paralysis that can lead to permanent disability and death.
Infection:
It is transmitted from an infected person to a healthy person through direct contact.
Treatment and prevention:
Polio is a disease that cannot be cured, it can only be prevented. Physiotherapy and antispasmodic drugs help relax the muscles.
The polio vaccine, if given in multiple doses, protects the child for life.
Polio vaccine:
There are two types of polio vaccine:
- Inactivated Polio Vaccine -IPV
- Oral polio vaccine- OPV
- Dose at two months of age.
- Dose at 4 months of age.
- Dose from 6-8 months of age.
- Booster dose at 4-6 years old.
Adults:
Adults at this age do not need the vaccine because they were vaccinated at a young age, except for three groups that need to get it:
- Persons traveling to endemic areas.
- Workers in laboratories for this disease
- Health workers who have direct contact with patients.
- First dose: at any time.
- The second dose: one or two months after the first.
- The third dose: 6 to 12 months after the second.
Stay Healthy...
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