Hypercholesterolemia - High blood cholesterol

Mobi Zony

30 Apr, 2022

Hypercholesterolemia - High blood cholesterol

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Introduction:

Cholesterol is one of a group of fats (lipids) that act either as a building block for cells or as an energy source for the body. The liver manufactures most of the body's cholesterol needs.

When you eat foods containing cholesterol, such as red meat, excess cholesterol forms deposits on the walls of the arteries that can lead to angina, heart attack, and stroke.
The term high cholesterol means that you have more cholesterol in your blood than your body needs. When people talk about high cholesterol, they usually mean total cholesterol in the blood. However, cholesterol circulates with the bloodstream in the form of particles of varying sizes known as lipoproteins.
High levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), also called bad cholesterol, worsens atherosclerosis, while high levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), called good cholesterol, protects you from atherosclerosis. This is because HDL removes cholesterol from the lining of the arteries.

Age groups at risk of Hypercholesterolemia:

Middle-aged and sedentary people are at highest risk of high cholesterol.
Men develop high cholesterol earlier than women because female estrogen lowers cholesterol levels in premenopausal women.
For postmenopausal women, cholesterol levels rise in the blood of women who do not take estrogen through lipid replacement therapy.

Symptoms:

High cholesterol does not cause any symptoms.
A severe rise in its level causes the formation of fatty patches called yellow spots on the skin or along the covering membrane of one of the muscle tendons.
High cholesterol leads to atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries), which causes other symptoms.

Diagnosis:

Most people with high cholesterol are diagnosed when their doctor performs a cholesterol test as part of a routine examination (it is recommended to do this test every five years after reaching the age of 21). If you have high cholesterol, you will need to be tested more frequently.

Cholesterol levels in the blood:

Total cholesterol:

Desired level (mg/dL) : <200

Average level (mg/dL): 200-240

Undesirable level (mg/dL): 240

HDL cholesterol:

Desired level (mg/dL) : <45

Average level (mg/dL): 35-45

Undesirable level (mg/dL): >35

LDL cholesterol:

Desired level (mg/dL) : > 130

Average level (mg/dL): 130-160

Undesirable level (mg/dL): < 160

Ratio of total cholesterol to HDL:

Desired level (mg/dL) : > 3

Average level (mg/dL): 3-4

Undesirable level (mg/dL): <4

But if you have other factors such as smoking and high blood pressure, the average measurement rates vary according to your doctor's assessment.

Treatment:

If you are a smoker, you must first quit smoking, as the dangers of smoking are more severe if cholesterol is high.
Exercising for at least 30 minutes a day at least three times a week can raise the levels of HDL in your blood. If a moderate diet and exercise cannot adequately reduce cholesterol, the doctor will resort to drug treatment, especially if you have other factors for atherosclerosis.

Drugs used to lower cholesterol:

Doctors usually try to lower the level of LDL in the blood below 100 mg/dL. There are several types of medications that are used to lower cholesterol:

Statins:

They are drugs that lower both total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol, with a slight increase in HDL cholesterol, and they are generally free of side effects. New studies have shown that it prevents stroke and heart attack.

Niacin:

It is an effective vitamin in lowering total and LDL cholesterol and is even more effective in raising HDL cholesterol.

Bile Acid Resins:

They are powders or tablets that cause the liver to withdraw LDL cholesterol from the blood, thereby reducing the levels of both total and LDL cholesterol.

gemfibrozil:

The tablet is very effective in lowering HDL cholesterol, but it is only moderately effective in lowering total and LDL cholesterol.

Stay Healthy.....

Hypercholesterolemia - High blood cholesterol

Hypercholesterolemia - High blood cholesterol

Introduction:

Age groups at risk of Hypercholesterolemia:

Symptoms:

Diagnosis: